9月制造業PMI升至52.4%
2017年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)30日國(guo)家統(tong)計局服(fu)務業調查(cha)中(zhong)心和中(zhong)國(guo)物流(liu)與采購(gou)(gou)聯合(he)會發布了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)采購(gou)(gou)經理指數。9月(yue)(yue)份,制造業PMI為52.4%,連續兩個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)升,達到(dao)2012年(nian)5月(yue)(yue)以來的(de)最高點(dian),環比、同比分別上(shang)(shang)升0.7和2.0個(ge)(ge)百分點(dian),制造業繼續保持(chi)穩中(zhong)向好的(de)發展態勢(shi),擴張步伐有所加快。對(dui)此,工控機國(guo)家統(tong)計局服(fu)務業調查(cha)中(zhong)心高級統(tong)計師趙(zhao)慶河進行了(le)解讀。
一、制造業采購經理指數創近年新高
9月(yue)份,制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)PMI為(wei)(wei)(wei)52.4%,連續兩個(ge)(ge)月(yue)上(shang)升(sheng),達(da)到2012年5月(yue)以來的最高(gao)(gao)(gao)點(dian)(dian),環比(bi)、同比(bi)分別上(shang)升(sheng)0.7和(he)2.0個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點(dian)(dian),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)繼(ji)續保(bao)持穩中向好(hao)(hao)的發(fa)展態(tai)勢,擴(kuo)張(zhang)步(bu)(bu)伐有(you)所加快(kuai)。本月(yue)主(zhu)要特點(dian)(dian):一是(shi)供需(xu)兩端(duan)繼(ji)續向好(hao)(hao),協調性(xing)進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)增(zeng)(zeng)強。生(sheng)(sheng)產指(zhi)數和(he)新訂(ding)單指(zhi)數為(wei)(wei)(wei)54.7%和(he)54.8%,分別比(bi)上(shang)月(yue)上(shang)升(sheng)0.6和(he)1.7個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點(dian)(dian),均為(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)年來高(gao)(gao)(gao)點(dian)(dian),且新訂(ding)單指(zhi)數年內首次超過生(sheng)(sheng)產指(zhi)數,供需(xu)關系更趨于(yu)(yu)平衡。二(er)是(shi)國(guo)內外(wai)市場(chang)需(xu)求改善,進(jin)出口穩步(bu)(bu)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)。新出口訂(ding)單指(zhi)數為(wei)(wei)(wei)51.3%,比(bi)上(shang)月(yue)上(shang)升(sheng)0.9個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點(dian)(dian),為(wei)(wei)(wei)今年次高(gao)(gao)(gao)點(dian)(dian),進(jin)口指(zhi)數為(wei)(wei)(wei)51.1%,雖略有(you)回落,但仍保(bao)持在51.0%以上(shang)的擴(kuo)張(zhang)區間,制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)外(wai)貿回穩向好(hao)(hao)勢頭進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)鞏(gong)固。三是(shi)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結構持續優化,新動能加快(kuai)成長(chang)。裝備(bei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)術(shu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)PMI為(wei)(wei)(wei)53.3%和(he)52.9%,分別高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)上(shang)月(yue)0.5和(he)1.0個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點(dian)(dian),增(zeng)(zeng)速雙雙加快(kuai)。其(qi)中,汽車制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、專用設備(bei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、電氣(qi)機(ji)械器材(cai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、計算機(ji)通(tong)信電子設備(bei)及儀器儀表制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)PMI均明顯(xian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總體水平。四是(shi)國(guo)慶(qing)、中秋雙節臨近(jin),消(xiao)費品制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)擴(kuo)張(zhang)加快(kuai)。消(xiao)費品制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)PMI為(wei)(wei)(wei)53.4%,比(bi)上(shang)月(yue)上(shang)升(sheng)1.5個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點(dian)(dian),為(wei)(wei)(wei)4個(ge)(ge)月(yue)來的高(gao)(gao)(gao)點(dian)(dian)。其(qi)中,食品及酒飲(yin)料精制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茶(cha)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、紡織(zhi)服裝服飾業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)PMI上(shang)升(sheng)明顯(xian)。
從調(diao)查(cha)結果看,反映原材料(liao)價(jia)格(ge)上漲(zhang)的企業(ye)(ye)(ye)比重(zhong)超過四成,主(zhu)要(yao)原材料(liao)購進(jin)價(jia)格(ge)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)升(sheng)至68.4%,中下游行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)擔憂成本壓力進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)加(jia)大(da)。其中,造(zao)紙(zhi)印刷(shua)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、木材加(jia)工(gong)及家(jia)具制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、化學原料(liao)及化學制品制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)等行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)要(yao)原材料(liao)購進(jin)價(jia)格(ge)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)位于75.0%以上的高位區(qu)間。
分(fen)企(qi)業規模(mo)看,大型企(qi)業PMI為(wei)53.8%,比(bi)上(shang)月(yue)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)1.0個百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian),位于年內(nei)較(jiao)高的擴張區間。中型企(qi)業PMI為(wei)51.1%,比(bi)上(shang)月(yue)微升(sheng)(sheng)0.1個百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)。小型企(qi)業PMI為(wei)49.4%,比(bi)上(shang)月(yue)回升(sheng)(sheng)0.3個百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)。
二、非制造業商務活動指數升至較高的景氣區間
9月份,中國非(fei)制造(zao)業商務(wu)活動指數為55.4%,比上月上升2.0個百(bai)分點,為2014年6月以來的(de)最高點,非(fei)制造(zao)業擴(kuo)張動力增強。
服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實現快速(su)(su)增長(chang)。商務(wu)(wu)(wu)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)指(zhi)(zhi)數為(wei)54.4%,比上(shang)月(yue)上(shang)升1.8個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點,服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)延續(xu)平穩(wen)較快的(de)發(fa)展態勢(shi)。在制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產擴張加速(su)(su)的(de)帶動(dong)(dong)下,生(sheng)產性服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)快速(su)(su)增長(chang),商務(wu)(wu)(wu)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)指(zhi)(zhi)數為(wei)59.7%,高于上(shang)月(yue)5.1個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點。從行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大類看(kan),批發(fa)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、電信(xin)廣播電視和(he)(he)(he)衛(wei)星傳輸服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、互聯(lian)網(wang)及軟件(jian)信(xin)息(xi)技術服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、貨幣金融(rong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、資本市場(chang)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、保(bao)險業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)商務(wu)(wu)(wu)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)指(zhi)(zhi)數均(jun)位于60.0%以上(shang)的(de)高位景(jing)(jing)氣區(qu)間,企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經營(ying)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)較為(wei)活(huo)躍,業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)總量增長(chang)明顯。鐵路運(yun)輸業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、道路運(yun)輸業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、餐飲業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、房地產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、居民服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)及修理業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)商務(wu)(wu)(wu)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)指(zhi)(zhi)數低于臨界點,景(jing)(jing)氣度有所(suo)減低。從市場(chang)需求和(he)(he)(he)預(yu)期看(kan),新(xin)訂單指(zhi)(zhi)數和(he)(he)(he)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)預(yu)期指(zhi)(zhi)數為(wei)51.5%和(he)(he)(he)60.8%,分別高于上(shang)月(yue)1.2和(he)(he)(he)0.7個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分點,服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)市場(chang)需求穩(wen)中有升,企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)信(xin)心進(jin)一步增強。
建筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)重(zhong)回(hui)高位(wei)景氣區間(jian)。隨著(zhu)季節的變化,建筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)進入生產旺季,企業(ye)(ye)加(jia)快施工(gong)進度,本(ben)月商(shang)務活動指數(shu)為61.1%,比上(shang)(shang)月上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)3.1個百(bai)分(fen)點。其中,土木工(gong)程建筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)商(shang)務活動指數(shu)升(sheng)至(zhi)61.2%,較上(shang)(shang)月大幅上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)8.1個百(bai)分(fen)點。從市(shi)場和(he)勞動力需求(qiu)看,新訂單指數(shu)和(he)從業(ye)(ye)人員指數(shu)為56.9%和(he)56.4%,分(fen)別高于上(shang)(shang)月2.4和(he)2.1個百(bai)分(fen)點,企業(ye)(ye)用(yong)工(gong)量上(shang)(shang)升(sheng),需求(qiu)增長加(jia)快,建筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)繼續(xu)保(bao)持較快發展。